Fracture and Structural Integrity e-ISSN 1971-8993 Open access
Integrity of materials and structures Vol. 20, No. 75 (2026)

Optimization of austenitic and ferritic steels for deep drawing. Part 1: metallurgical and mechanical analyses.

Author and affiliation details
  • Andrea Casaroli Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy ORCID iD0000-0002-8949-0549
  • Edoardo Scabini Corresponding author Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy ORCID iD0009-0005-4487-912X edoardo.scabini@polimi.it
  • Marco Virginio Boniardi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy ORCID iD0000-0002-2438-7890
  • Riccardo Gerosa Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy ORCID iD0000-0003-0810-0279
  • Barbara Rivolta Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy
DOI
10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09
Pages
104-123
Published
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Published inVol. 20, No. 75 (2026)Go to the issue

Abstract

Deep drawing of stainless steels thin sheets is a cold forming process used to produce components with complex geometries at limited costs. Although it seems a simple shaping technique, this technology requires a high level of know-how, essential to optimize parameters and limit production scraps. The choice of stainless steel type also plays a fundamental role, since there are austenitic and ferritic grades with improved chemical composition which should be characterized by a superior deformability when compared to the more common ones. This study investigates the formability of two austenitic and two ferritic stainless steels, AISI 304, 304 mod., AISI 430 and AISI 441, using tensile tests and Erichsen tests. From the former, the mechanical properties and anisotropy coefficients were determined along three sampling directions in respect to the rolling direction. Since the deep drawing is influenced also by some technological parameters such as the lubrication, the punch speed, and the blank-holder pressure, Erichsen tests were performed varying the deformation conditions and an Erichsen index (IE) was determined. The Erichsen samples were also subjected to metallographic and HV0.2 microhardness analyses to study the modification of the microstructure and the consequent impact on the local mechanical properties.

Keywords

Article history

  1. ReceivedUntil the next stage: 1 day
  2. AcceptedUntil the next stage: 4 days
  3. Published

How to cite

APA

Casaroli, A., Scabini, E., Boniardi, M. V., Gerosa, R., & Rivolta, B. (2025). Optimization of austenitic and ferritic steels for deep drawing. Part 1: metallurgical and mechanical analyses. Fracture and Structural Integrity, 20(75), 104–123. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09

IEEE

A. Casaroli, E. Scabini, M. V. Boniardi, R. Gerosa, and B. Rivolta, “Optimization of austenitic and ferritic steels for deep drawing. Part 1: metallurgical and mechanical analyses.,” Fracture and Structural Integrity, vol. 20, no. 75, pp. 104–123, 2025, doi: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09.

MLA

Casaroli, Andrea, et al. “Optimization of austenitic and ferritic steels for deep drawing. Part 1: metallurgical and mechanical analyses.” Fracture and Structural Integrity, vol. 20, no. 75, 2025, pp. 104–123. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09.

Chicago

Casaroli, Andrea, Edoardo Scabini, Marco Virginio Boniardi, Riccardo Gerosa, and Barbara Rivolta. 2025. “Optimization of austenitic and ferritic steels for deep drawing. Part 1: metallurgical and mechanical analyses.” Fracture and Structural Integrity 20 (75): 104–123. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09.

Harvard

Casaroli, A., Scabini, E., Boniardi, M.V., Gerosa, R. and Rivolta, B. (2025) ‘Optimization of austenitic and ferritic steels for deep drawing. Part 1: metallurgical and mechanical analyses.’, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 20(75), pp. 104–123. doi: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09.

Vancouver

Casaroli A, Scabini E, Boniardi MV, Gerosa R, Rivolta B. Optimization of austenitic and ferritic steels for deep drawing. Part 1: metallurgical and mechanical analyses. Fracture and Structural Integrity. 2025;20(75):104-123. doi:10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09

BibTeX

@article{casaroli2025, author = {Casaroli, Andrea and Scabini, Edoardo and Boniardi, Marco Virginio and Gerosa, Riccardo and Rivolta, Barbara}, title = {Optimization of austenitic and ferritic steels for deep drawing. Part 1: metallurgical and mechanical analyses.}, journal = {Fracture and Structural Integrity}, year = {2025}, volume = {20}, number = {75}, pages = {104--123}, doi = {10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09}, issn = {1971-8993} }

RIS

TY - JOUR AU - Casaroli, Andrea AU - Scabini, Edoardo AU - Boniardi, Marco Virginio AU - Gerosa, Riccardo AU - Rivolta, Barbara TI - Optimization of austenitic and ferritic steels for deep drawing. Part 1: metallurgical and mechanical analyses. JO - Fracture and Structural Integrity T2 - Fracture and Structural Integrity PY - 2025 DA - 2025/10/18 VL - 20 IS - 75 SP - 104 EP - 123 DO - 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09 UR - https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.75.09 SN - 1971-8993 ER -

Licence

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

May be shared and adapted, provided appropriate credit is given. Copyright © 2025 Andrea Casaroli, Edoardo Scabini, Marco Virginio Boniardi, Riccardo Gerosa, Barbara Rivolta.

Copyright 
Authors are allowed to retain both the copyright and the publishing rights of their articles without restrictions.  

Open Access Statement

Fracture and Structural Integrity (F&SI) is an open-access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the DOAI definition of open access.

F&SI operates under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0). This allows to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, to remix, transform and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but giving appropriate credit, providing a link to the license, and indicating if changes were made.

Similar articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)