Fracture and Structural Integrity e-ISSN 1971-8993 Open access
Analytical, Numerical and Physical Models Vol. 16, No. 62 (2022)

A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets

Author and affiliation details
  • Riccardo Andreotti Corresponding author Callens® AREA3, Via Merini 37 21100 Varese, Italy; Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy riccardo.andreotti@polimi.it
  • Andrea Casaroli Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy
  • Mauro Quercia Callens® AREA3, Via Merini 37 21100 Varese, Italy
  • Marco V. Boniardi Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy
DOI
10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41
Pages
602-612
Published
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Published inVol. 16, No. 62 (2022)Go to the issue

Abstract

An original simplified formula is proposed to estimate the load history caused by ballistic impacts characterized by the so-called bullet splash phenomenon, consisting in the complete bullet fragmentation with no penetration of the target. The formula is based on the progressive momentum variation of the mass of the bullet impacting on a planar plate normal to the impact direction. The method aims at creating a simplified approach to assess the response of structures by means of explicit finite element simulations without the need of modelling the interaction between impactor and target. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to estimate the forces generated by bullet-splash phenomena of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets and effectively applied to finite element simulations allowing significant reductions in computational cost.

Keywords

Article history

  1. ReceivedUntil the next stage: 0 days
  2. AcceptedUntil the next stage: 8 days
  3. Published

How to cite

APA

Andreotti, R., Casaroli, A., Quercia, M., & Boniardi, M. V. (2022). A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets. Fracture and Structural Integrity, 16(62), 602–612. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41

IEEE

R. Andreotti, A. Casaroli, M. Quercia, and M. V. Boniardi, “A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets,” Fracture and Structural Integrity, vol. 16, no. 62, pp. 602–612, 2022, doi: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41.

MLA

Andreotti, Riccardo, et al. “A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets.” Fracture and Structural Integrity, vol. 16, no. 62, 2022, pp. 602–612. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41.

Chicago

Andreotti, Riccardo, Andrea Casaroli, Mauro Quercia, and Marco V. Boniardi. 2022. “A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets.” Fracture and Structural Integrity 16 (62): 602–612. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41.

Harvard

Andreotti, R., Casaroli, A., Quercia, M. and Boniardi, M.V. (2022) ‘A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets’, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 16(62), pp. 602–612. doi: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41.

Vancouver

Andreotti R, Casaroli A, Quercia M, Boniardi MV. A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets. Fracture and Structural Integrity. 2022;16(62):602-612. doi:10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41

BibTeX

@article{andreotti2022, author = {Andreotti, Riccardo and Casaroli, Andrea and Quercia, Mauro and Boniardi, Marco V.}, title = {A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets}, journal = {Fracture and Structural Integrity}, year = {2022}, volume = {16}, number = {62}, pages = {602--612}, doi = {10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41}, issn = {1971-8993} }

RIS

TY - JOUR AU - Andreotti, Riccardo AU - Casaroli, Andrea AU - Quercia, Mauro AU - Boniardi, Marco V. TI - A simplified formula to estimate the load history due to ballistic impacts with bullet splash. Development and validation for finite element simulation of 9x21mm full metal jacket bullets JO - Fracture and Structural Integrity T2 - Fracture and Structural Integrity PY - 2022 DA - 2022/09/22 VL - 16 IS - 62 SP - 602 EP - 612 DO - 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41 UR - https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.62.41 SN - 1971-8993 ER -

Licence

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

May be shared and adapted, provided appropriate credit is given. Copyright © 2022 Riccardo Andreotti, Andrea Casaroli, Mauro Quercia, Marco V. Boniardi.

Copyright 
Authors are allowed to retain both the copyright and the publishing rights of their articles without restrictions.  

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