Fracture and Structural Integrity e-ISSN 1971-8993 Open access
Integrity of materials and structures Vol. 20, No. 76 (2026)

Numerical and experimental study of the behavior of a polyamide during the ECAE process using a 105° die

Author and affiliation details
  • Habib Houari Corresponding author Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics and Biomaterials, National Polytechnic School of Oran, Algeria ORCID iD0009-0007-6626-3996 houarihabib@yahoo.fr
  • Benaoumeur Aour Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics and Biomaterials, National Polytechnic School of Oran, Algeria ORCID iD0000-0003-1300-0790
  • Salah Ramtani IUT de Saint-Denis, Département Génie Mécanique et Productique, Laboratoire CB3S, Equipe BEST, France ORCID iD0000-0002-4873-7584
  • Fayçal Benalia Department of Physics, Higher Normal School of Laghouat Taleb Abderrahmane, Algeria ORCID iD0009-0008-9437-8114
  • Salma Barboura Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux, LSPM - CNRS UPR3407, France ORCID iD0000-0001-7432-7282
DOI
10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15
Pages
238-264
Published
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Published inVol. 20, No. 76 (2026)Go to the issue

Abstract

Among the various severe plastic deformation techniques, Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) is a widely used method that introduces significant plastic deformation into a sample by forcing it through two intersecting channels, without substantially altering its overall dimensions. In this work, the behavior of polyamide (PA 6.6) under single-turn and double-turn ECAE (1-ECAE and 2-ECAE) was investigated using finite element analysis with a 105° die. Experimental results on PA 6.6 are also presented. The analysis focused on the influence of the channel angle, the intermediate channel length, and friction on equivalent plastic strain distribution and pressing force. The results indicate that using adequate intermediate channel length enhances strain homogeneity, while friction exerts a moderate effect but can lead to localized strain concentration near the die walls. Therefore, proper lubrication is recommended to stabilize material flow, reduce tool wear, and improve process reliability. These findings provide optimized processing parameters for PA 6.6 extrusion and open up new perspectives for enhancing its mechanical performance and expanding its industrial applications.

Keywords

Article history

  1. ReceivedUntil the next stage: 19 days
  2. Revision requestedUntil the next stage: 17 days
  3. RevisedUntil the next stage: 19 days
  4. AcceptedUntil the next stage: 62 days
  5. Published

Statements

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Algeria

About the authors

Benaoumeur Aour

Prof. Benaoumeur AOUR is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at National Polytechnic School of Oran, Algeria. His research focuses on numerical modeling, material behavior, and severe plastic deformation processes.

Salah Ramtani

Prof. Salah Ramtani is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Université Sorbonne Paris Nord (Paris 13), affiliated with the Laboratoire CSPBAT – UMR 7244. His research focuses on solid mechanics, biomechanics, mechanical behavior of materials, and finite element modeling.

Fayçal Benalia

Dr. Benalia Fayçal is a Lecturer (Maître de conférences) in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Department of Physics, Higher Normal School of Laghouat Taleb Abderrahmane, Algeria. His research focuses on numerical modeling, material behavior, and Fracture mechanics.

Salma Barboura

Salma Barboura is a Maîtresse de Conférences (Associate Professor) in the Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM, CNRS UPR 3407), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord. Her research focuses on mechanics of materials, numerical modeling, and material characterization in the context of process-materials interactions.

How to cite

APA

Houari, H., Aour, B., Ramtani, S., Benalia, F., & Barboura, S. (2026). Numerical and experimental study of the behavior of a polyamide during the ECAE process using a 105° die. Fracture and Structural Integrity, 20(76), 238–264. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15

IEEE

H. Houari, B. Aour, S. Ramtani, F. Benalia, and S. Barboura, “Numerical and experimental study of the behavior of a polyamide during the ECAE process using a 105° die,” Fracture and Structural Integrity, vol. 20, no. 76, pp. 238–264, 2026, doi: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15.

MLA

Houari, Habib, et al. “Numerical and experimental study of the behavior of a polyamide during the ECAE process using a 105° die.” Fracture and Structural Integrity, vol. 20, no. 76, 2026, pp. 238–264. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15.

Chicago

Houari, Habib, Benaoumeur Aour, Salah Ramtani, Fayçal Benalia, and Salma Barboura. 2026. “Numerical and experimental study of the behavior of a polyamide during the ECAE process using a 105° die.” Fracture and Structural Integrity 20 (76): 238–264. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15.

Harvard

Houari, H., Aour, B., Ramtani, S., Benalia, F. and Barboura, S. (2026) ‘Numerical and experimental study of the behavior of a polyamide during the ECAE process using a 105° die’, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 20(76), pp. 238–264. doi: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15.

Vancouver

Houari H, Aour B, Ramtani S, Benalia F, Barboura S. Numerical and experimental study of the behavior of a polyamide during the ECAE process using a 105° die. Fracture and Structural Integrity. 2026;20(76):238-264. doi:10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15

BibTeX

@article{houari2026, author = {Houari, Habib and Aour, Benaoumeur and Ramtani, Salah and Benalia, Fayçal and Barboura, Salma}, title = {Numerical and experimental study of the behavior of a polyamide during the ECAE process using a 105° die}, journal = {Fracture and Structural Integrity}, year = {2026}, volume = {20}, number = {76}, pages = {238--264}, doi = {10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15}, issn = {1971-8993} }

RIS

TY - JOUR AU - Houari, Habib AU - Aour, Benaoumeur AU - Ramtani, Salah AU - Benalia, Fayçal AU - Barboura, Salma TI - Numerical and experimental study of the behavior of a polyamide during the ECAE process using a 105° die JO - Fracture and Structural Integrity T2 - Fracture and Structural Integrity PY - 2026 DA - 2026/03/13 VL - 20 IS - 76 SP - 238 EP - 264 DO - 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15 UR - https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.76.15 SN - 1971-8993 ER -

Licence

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

May be shared and adapted, provided appropriate credit is given. Copyright © 2026 Habib Houari, Benaoumeur Aour, Salah Ramtani , Fayçal Benalia, Salma Barboura.

Copyright 
Authors are allowed to retain both the copyright and the publishing rights of their articles without restrictions.  

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