Fracture and Structural Integrity e-ISSN 1971-8993 Open access
Integrity of materials and structures Vol. 19, No. 71 (2025)

Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications

Author and affiliation details
  • Manjunath Vatnalmath Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru-572103, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, India ORCID iD0000-0003-3138-9453
  • V. Auradi Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru-572103, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, India ORCID iD0000-0001-6549-6340
  • Bharath V Bharath Department of Mechanical Engineering, RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560098, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, India ORCID iD0000-0001-6765-4728
  • Anirudh Bharadwaj Department of Mechanical Engineering, RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560098, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, India ORCID iD0009-0000-5944-0957
  • Chetan Gowda Department of Mechanical Engineering, RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560098, Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka, India ORCID iD0009-0005-2372-4233
  • Madeva Nagaral Corresponding author Configuration and Mass Properties, Aircraft Research and Design Centre, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore 560037, Karnataka, India, madev.nagaral@gmail.com
DOI
10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04
Pages
37-48
Published
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Published inVol. 19, No. 71 (2025)Go to the issue

Abstract

Diffusion welding is an advanced joining process that assures the feasibility of joining dissimilar metal alloys without producing metallurgical impurities at the joint interface. Two significant aerospace alloys, AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V, are diffusion welded for the various holding times (30-120 minutes) by keeping the bonding temperature and pressure constant. The effect of holding time on the microstructure of the diffusion welded joints is evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the diffusion behaviour across the joint interface is ensued by the line scan energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained results show that the hardness across the joint interface is increased with increase in holding time. Furthermore, the maximum shear strength of 143.58 MPa is achieved for the joint formed at the holding time of 90 minutes and reduced thereafter. The formation of a thick intermetallic layer at a higher holding time strongly affects the shear strength. It is evident from the resulting fractured surfaces that the joints predominantly failed at the bonding interface, showcasing the brittle kind of failure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study on the fractured surfaces substantiates the formation of AlTi, Al2Ti and Al3Ti intermetallic compounds.

Keywords

Article history

  1. ReceivedUntil the next stage: 0 days
  2. Revision requestedUntil the next stage: 88 days
  3. RevisedUntil the next stage: 12 days
  4. AcceptedUntil the next stage: 4 days
  5. Published

About the authors

Madeva Nagaral

Design Engineer

Aircraft Research and Design Centre

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

Bangalore-560037

Karnataka 

India

How to cite

APA

Vatnalmath, M., Auradi, V., Bharath, B. V., Bharadwaj, A., Gowda, C., & Nagaral, M. (2024). Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications. Fracture and Structural Integrity, 19(71), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04

IEEE

M. Vatnalmath, V. Auradi, B. V. Bharath, A. Bharadwaj, C. Gowda, and M. Nagaral, “Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications,” Fracture and Structural Integrity, vol. 19, no. 71, pp. 37–48, 2024, doi: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04.

MLA

Vatnalmath, Manjunath, et al. “Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications.” Fracture and Structural Integrity, vol. 19, no. 71, 2024, pp. 37–48. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04.

Chicago

Vatnalmath, Manjunath, V. Auradi, Bharath V Bharath, Anirudh Bharadwaj, Chetan Gowda, and Madeva Nagaral. 2024. “Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications.” Fracture and Structural Integrity 19 (71): 37–48. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04.

Harvard

Vatnalmath, M., Auradi, V., Bharath, B.V., Bharadwaj, A., Gowda, C. and Nagaral, M. (2024) ‘Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications’, Fracture and Structural Integrity, 19(71), pp. 37–48. doi: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04.

Vancouver

Vatnalmath M, Auradi V, Bharath BV, Bharadwaj A, Gowda C, Nagaral M. Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications. Fracture and Structural Integrity. 2024;19(71):37-48. doi:10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04

BibTeX

@article{vatnalmath2024, author = {Vatnalmath, Manjunath and Auradi, V. and Bharath, Bharath V and Bharadwaj, Anirudh and Gowda, Chetan and Nagaral, Madeva}, title = {Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications}, journal = {Fracture and Structural Integrity}, year = {2024}, volume = {19}, number = {71}, pages = {37--48}, doi = {10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04}, issn = {1971-8993} }

RIS

TY - JOUR AU - Vatnalmath, Manjunath AU - Auradi, V. AU - Bharath, Bharath V AU - Bharadwaj, Anirudh AU - Gowda, Chetan AU - Nagaral, Madeva TI - Microstructure, Mechanical and Fractographic behaviour of the Diffusion Welded Joints of AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V for aerospace applications JO - Fracture and Structural Integrity T2 - Fracture and Structural Integrity PY - 2024 DA - 2024/10/08 VL - 19 IS - 71 SP - 37 EP - 48 DO - 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04 UR - https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.71.04 SN - 1971-8993 ER -

Licence

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

May be shared and adapted, provided appropriate credit is given. Copyright © 2024 Manjunath Vatnalmath, V. Auradi, Bharath V Bharath, Anirudh Bharadwaj, Chetan Gowda, Madeva Nagaral.

Copyright 
Authors are allowed to retain both the copyright and the publishing rights of their articles without restrictions.  

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