/**
 * Galata — article page.
 *
 * <html> carries the variants: data-authors (a chips, b cards, c / d
 * superscript line), data-secnav (a top bar, b right block, off),
 * data-cite (a tabs, b select), data-refs (a first eight, b all),
 * data-mbar (mobile action bar). The article's other languages are in the
 * markup with the attribute "hidden"; the language switch of the hero toggles
 * it. The class "galata-js" is set by an inline
 * script before the article is parsed: long lists and tab panels collapse
 * only when scripting runs.
 */

/* ---------- Scripting on / off ---------- */
html:not(.galata-js) .js-only{display:none!important}
html.galata-js .nojs-only{display:none!important}
html.galata-js [data-jshide]{display:none}

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */
.hero-article{overflow:visible}
.hero-article>.hero-bg{overflow:hidden}
.ahero-inner{position:relative;z-index:25;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) var(--col-r);column-gap:var(--gap);padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:36px}
/* The hero's grid lies above the right block (the author panels open over it); its empty
   second column must not take the clicks meant for the card that rides up underneath. */
.ahero-inner{pointer-events:none}
.ahero-inner>*{pointer-events:auto}
.a-main{grid-column:1;min-width:0;max-width:940px}
.ahero-inner>.hero-aside{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;align-self:start;position:relative;z-index:6}
/* The row of the article language control: it stands at the end of the line. */
.a-top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;gap:6px 16px}

/* The whole control stands on a dark pill: the lines of the hero pattern may run behind it. */
.a-lang{flex:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-block:-7px;padding:2px 3px 2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.42);font-size:.8rem;color:var(--h-ink)}
html[data-hero="c"] .a-lang,html[data-hero="d"][data-hc-light="1"] .a-lang{background:var(--h-glass);color:var(--h-muted)}
.a-lang-label{white-space:nowrap}
.a-lang-seg{display:inline-flex;gap:2px;padding:1px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--h-glass-line)}
.a-lang-btn{min-width:24px;min-height:24px;padding:2px 10px;border:0;border-radius:999px;background:none;color:var(--h-ink);font:600 .78rem/1.2 var(--sans);cursor:pointer;transition:background-color .15s,color .15s}
.a-lang-btn:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.16)}
.a-lang-btn[aria-pressed="true"]{background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink);font-weight:700}
.a-lang-select{min-height:26px;max-width:11rem;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);font:600 .8rem var(--sans)}
.a-journal{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px 16px;margin-top:14px;font-size:.86rem;color:var(--h-muted)}
.a-journal b{color:var(--h-ink);font-weight:600}
.oa-chip{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:700;padding:3px 10px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink)}
.oa-chip .icon{width:13px;height:13px}
.a-metaline{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px 14px;margin-top:12px;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--h-muted)}
.a-metaline>span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px}
.a-metaline a{color:var(--h-ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--h-glass-line);text-underline-offset:3px}
.a-metaline a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}
.h-chip{font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;padding:4px 11px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--h-glass);border:1px solid var(--h-glass-line);color:var(--h-ink)}
.a-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:700;font-size:clamp(1.6rem,2.5vw,2.3rem);line-height:1.16;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:12px 0 0;color:var(--h-ink);text-wrap:balance;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
/* A title of more than 150 characters is set smaller. */
.a-title.a-title-long{font-size:clamp(1.42rem,1.65vw,1.55rem);line-height:1.24}
.a-alt{font-family:var(--serif);font-style:italic;font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--h-muted);margin:10px 0 0;max-width:80ch;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.a-alt+.a-alt{margin-top:4px}

/* ---------- Authors ---------- */
.au-wrap{position:relative;margin-top:18px}
.a-authors{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px}
.au-chip{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding-block:4px;padding-inline:4px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--h-glass);border:1px solid var(--h-glass-line);color:var(--h-ink);font:600 .92rem var(--sans);cursor:pointer;transition:border-color .15s,background-color .15s}
.au-chip:hover,.au-chip[aria-expanded="true"]{border-color:var(--accent)}
.au-av{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink);display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;flex:none}
.au-chip .mail{width:14px;height:14px;opacity:.85}
.orcid-ico{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;flex:none;vertical-align:-3px}
.orcid-ico.unverified{filter:grayscale(1);opacity:.75}
.ror-ico{display:inline-block;width:24px;height:16px;flex:none;vertical-align:-3px;border-radius:2px}
.au-toggle{background:none;border:0;color:var(--h-ink);font:600 .86rem var(--sans);cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:6px 4px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-color:var(--h-glass-line)}
.au-toggle:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}
.au-cards{display:contents;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.au-panel{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(270px,1fr));gap:10px}
.au-card{background:var(--h-glass);border:1px solid var(--h-glass-line);border-radius:10px;padding:12px 14px;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px);color:var(--h-ink);display:grid;grid-template-columns:38px minmax(0,1fr);gap:3px 12px;align-content:start;transition:border-color .2s}
.au-card>*{grid-column:2;min-width:0}
.au-card .au-av{width:38px;height:38px;font-size:.85rem;grid-column:1;grid-row:1/4}
.au-name{font-weight:700;font-size:.98rem;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.au-aff{font-size:.84rem;color:var(--h-muted);line-height:1.4;text-align:match-parent}
.au-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 12px;font-size:.78rem;margin-top:3px}
.au-links a{color:var(--h-ink);text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.au-links a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.au-links .icon{width:14px;height:14px}
.corr{font-size:.7rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--accent-ink);background:var(--accent);padding:2px 7px;border-radius:999px}
.au-pop-head{display:none}
.au-panel .au-more{grid-column:1/-1;justify-self:start}

/* a: the panel opens over the page and does not push the content */
html.galata-js[data-authors="a"] .au-panel{position:absolute;inset-inline:0;top:calc(100% + 12px);z-index:40;margin:0;background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 30px 60px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.5);padding:16px}
html.galata-js[data-authors="a"] .au-panel:not(.open){display:none}
html.galata-js[data-authors="a"] .au-panel::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:-7px;inset-inline-start:var(--arrow-x,40px);width:12px;height:12px;background:var(--surface);border-inline-start:1px solid var(--line);border-top:1px solid var(--line);transform:rotate(45deg)}
html[dir="rtl"].galata-js[data-authors="a"] .au-panel::before{transform:rotate(-45deg)}
html.galata-js[data-authors="a"] .au-panel.single{inset-inline-end:auto;width:min(560px,100%);grid-template-columns:1fr}
/* Focus is moved here by script: the ring shows for keyboard users only. */
html.galata-js[data-authors="a"] .au-panel:focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:none;box-shadow:0 30px 60px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.5)}
html[data-authors="a"] .au-panel .au-card{background:var(--paper);border-color:var(--line);color:var(--ink);-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none}
html[data-authors="a"] .au-panel .au-aff{color:var(--muted)}
html[data-authors="a"] .au-panel .au-links a{color:var(--brand-text);font-weight:600}
html.galata-js[data-authors="a"] .au-pop-head{display:flex;grid-column:1/-1;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:2px}
.au-pop-tools{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}
.au-pop-head button{background:none;border:0;color:var(--brand-text);font:700 .8rem var(--sans);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;padding:4px}
.au-pop-head .au-close{display:grid;place-items:center;width:30px;height:30px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
.au-pop-head .au-close:hover{color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink)}
.au-pop-head .au-close .icon{width:15px;height:15px}
/* a, without scripting: the cards follow the chips as a plain list */
html:not(.galata-js)[data-authors="a"] .au-panel{margin-top:14px;padding:14px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line)}
html:not(.galata-js)[data-authors="a"] .au-chip{cursor:default}

/* b: open cards */
html[data-authors="b"] .au-card .au-links a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--h-glass-line);text-underline-offset:3px}

/* c / d: one line with superscript numbers */
.au-compact{position:relative}
.au-line{margin:0;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--h-ink);max-width:90ch}
.au-item{white-space:nowrap}
.au-n{background:none;border:0;padding:0;font:600 1.02rem var(--sans);color:var(--h-ink);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:transparent;text-underline-offset:4px;transition:text-decoration-color .15s;white-space:normal;text-align:start}
.au-n:hover,.au-n.on{text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}
.au-n sup{font-size:.66em;font-weight:800;color:var(--h-kicker);margin-inline-start:2px;letter-spacing:.02em}
.au-n .mail{width:13px;height:13px;margin-inline-start:4px;vertical-align:-1px;opacity:.85}
.au-orcid{display:inline-block;margin-inline-start:4px;line-height:1}
.au-orcid .orcid-ico{width:15px;height:15px}
.au-line .au-more{padding-block:0;font-size:.86rem;margin-inline-start:6px}
.aff-toggle{margin-top:4px;padding-inline-start:0}
.aff-box{margin-top:10px;padding:12px 14px;border-radius:10px;background:var(--h-glass);border:1px solid var(--h-glass-line);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px)}
.aff{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:6px 22px}
.aff li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:24px minmax(0,1fr);gap:6px;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--h-muted);transition:color .15s}
.aff b{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:5px;font-size:.72rem;background:var(--h-glass);border:1px solid var(--h-glass-line);color:var(--h-ink);transition:background-color .15s,color .15s}
.aff li.hl{color:var(--h-ink)}
.aff li.hl b{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink)}
.aff li>span{text-align:match-parent}
.aff .ror-link{margin-inline-start:4px;text-decoration:none}
.aff-foot{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:4px 18px;margin-top:8px}
.aff-foot:empty{display:none}
.aff-more{padding:0;font-size:.82rem}
.aff-corr{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin:0;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--h-muted)}
.aff-corr .icon{width:14px;height:14px}
.aff-corr a{color:var(--h-ink)}
.aff-mail{overflow-wrap:anywhere}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff-box{position:absolute;inset-inline-start:0;top:calc(100% + 10px);z-index:40;width:min(760px,100%);margin:0;background:var(--surface);border-color:var(--line);box-shadow:0 30px 60px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff-box:not(.open){display:none}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff-box:focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:none;box-shadow:0 30px 60px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.5)}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff-box::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:-7px;inset-inline-start:var(--arrow-x,40px);width:12px;height:12px;background:var(--surface);border-inline-start:1px solid var(--line);border-top:1px solid var(--line);transform:rotate(45deg)}
html[dir="rtl"].galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff-box::before{transform:rotate(-45deg)}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff li{color:var(--muted)}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff li.hl{color:var(--ink)}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff b{background:var(--tint);border-color:var(--line);color:var(--brand-text)}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff li.hl b{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink)}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff-corr{color:var(--muted)}
html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff-corr a{color:var(--brand-text)}

/* Limits: items beyond the visible number wait for "show all" (wide screens) */
html.galata-js .au-wrap:not(.all) :is(.au-chip,.au-card,.au-item).x-w{display:none}
html.galata-js .aff-box:not(.all) .aff .x-w{display:none}
.only-m,.only-n{display:none}

/* ---------- Identifier strip ---------- */
.a-strip{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;margin:20px 0 0;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--h-line)}
.a-strip div{padding-block:12px 0;padding-inline:0 22px;margin-inline-end:22px;border-inline-end:1px solid var(--h-line)}
.a-strip div:last-child{border-inline-end:0;margin-inline-end:0;padding-inline-end:0}
.a-strip dt{font-size:.76rem;color:var(--h-muted)}
.a-strip dd{margin:2px 0 0;font-weight:700;font-size:.95rem;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;color:var(--h-ink)}
.a-strip dd a{color:var(--h-ink);overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.a-strip .copy{background:var(--h-glass);border-color:var(--h-glass-line);color:var(--h-ink);width:24px;height:24px;flex:none}
.a-strip .doi-ico{flex:none}

/* ---------- "Published in" card of the hero ---------- */
.issue-mini{display:grid;grid-template-columns:62px minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px;align-items:center;padding:12px;border-radius:10px;background:var(--h-glass);border:1px solid var(--h-glass-line);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px);color:var(--h-ink);text-decoration:none}
.issue-mini .cover{padding:6px 5px;max-width:62px;box-shadow:0 8px 16px -10px rgba(0,0,0,.5)}
.issue-mini img.cover{padding:0;width:62px}
.issue-mini .cover-band{height:3px;margin-block:0 5px;margin-inline:0 -5px}
.issue-mini .cover-title{font-size:.42rem}
.issue-mini .cover-art{display:none}
.issue-mini .cover-foot{font-size:.38rem;padding-top:3px}
.issue-mini .cover-foot strong{font-size:.5rem}
.issue-mini small{display:block;font-size:.74rem;color:var(--h-muted)}
.issue-mini b{display:block;font-size:.98rem;margin:2px 0;line-height:1.3}
.issue-mini .go{font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.issue-mini:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--h-ink)}

/* ---------- Body ---------- */
.alayout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) var(--col-r);grid-template-areas:"main right";gap:var(--gap);padding-top:0;padding-bottom:64px;align-items:start}
.alayout>*{min-width:0}
.a-body{grid-area:main;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.a-notice{margin:20px 0 0}
.secnav{position:sticky;top:var(--head-h,150px);z-index:20;background:var(--paper);display:flex;gap:2px;overflow-x:auto;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);scrollbar-width:none}
.secnav::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}
.secnav a{flex:none;padding:14px 12px 13px;font-weight:600;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;background:linear-gradient(var(--accent),var(--accent)) no-repeat left bottom / 0% 3px;transition:background-size .25s,color .2s}
html[dir="rtl"] .secnav a{background-position:right bottom}
.secnav a:hover{color:var(--ink);background-size:100% 3px}
.secnav a.active{color:var(--brand-text);background-size:100% 3px}
.secnav a:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px}
html[data-secnav="b"] .secnav,html[data-secnav="off"] .secnav{display:none}
/* The page already keeps the sticky header clear (scroll-padding of <html>); a section adds the height of the section bar. */
.a-sec{padding:30px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:30px}
html[data-secnav="b"] .a-sec,html[data-secnav="off"] .a-sec{scroll-margin-top:0}
.a-body>.a-sec:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.a-sec:focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:none;box-shadow:none}
.a-sec:focus-visible{outline-offset:6px}
.sec-head{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px 12px;margin:0 0 14px}
.sec-head .sec-h{margin:0}
.sec-h{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.32rem;line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 14px}
.sec-h .ribbon{width:13px;height:19px}
.pill{border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface);color:var(--muted);font:700 .78rem var(--sans);padding:5px 11px;border-radius:999px;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}
.pill[aria-pressed="true"],.pill[aria-selected="true"]{border-color:var(--brand-text);color:var(--brand-text);background:var(--tint)}
.pill:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.abs-text{font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.78;max-width:80ch;margin:0;text-align:justify;hyphens:auto;-webkit-hyphens:auto}
.abs-text>*{margin:0}
.abs-text>*+*{margin-top:14px}
.abs-text :is(ul,ol){padding-inline-start:1.4em}
.abs-text img{max-width:100%;height:auto}
.kw{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.kw a{display:inline-block;padding:6px 14px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--tint);color:var(--brand-text);text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;font-size:.88rem;transition:background-color .15s,color .15s}
.kw a:hover{background:var(--brand);color:#fff}
/* A block the chosen article language has no text for stays in its first language and says so. */
.lang-note{margin:10px 0 0;font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted)}
.plugin-note{display:inline-block;font-size:.74rem;color:var(--muted);background:var(--tint);padding:2px 8px;border-radius:4px;font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:500}

/* timeline */
.tl{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));position:relative}
.tl[data-n="2"]{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
.tl[data-n="3"]{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}
.tl[data-n="5"]{grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr))}
.tl[data-n="6"]{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr))}
.tl::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset-inline:8px;top:9px;height:2px;background:var(--line)}
.tl li{position:relative;padding-top:30px;padding-inline-end:12px}
.tl li::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset-inline-start:0;top:0;width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--surface);border:3px solid var(--brand-text);box-sizing:border-box}
.tl li:last-child::before{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent)}
.tl b{display:block;font-size:.95rem}
.tl time{display:block;font-size:.84rem;color:var(--muted)}
.tl em{position:absolute;top:-2px;inset-inline-start:calc(50% + 6px);font-style:normal;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--brand-text);background:var(--paper);padding:0 6px;white-space:nowrap}

/* statements, biographies */
.stmts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:12px}
.stmt{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:16px 18px}
.stmt h3{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:.92rem;margin:0 0 6px;color:var(--brand-text)}
.stmt h3 .icon{width:16px;height:16px}
.stmt-text{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.55}
.stmt-text>*{margin:0}
.stmt-text>*+*{margin-top:8px}
.bios{display:grid;gap:14px}
.bio .bio-name{font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 4px}
.bio-text{font-size:.94rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6;max-width:80ch}
.bio-text>*{margin:0}
.bio-text>*+*{margin-top:8px}

/* references */
.refs{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;counter-reset:r}
.refs li{counter-increment:r;position:relative;padding-block:11px;padding-inline:46px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.6;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.refs li::before{content:counter(r);position:absolute;inset-inline-start:0;top:11px;width:30px;height:24px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--tint);color:var(--brand-text);font:700 .78rem/24px var(--sans);text-align:center}
.refs li a{font-size:.86rem;font-weight:600}
html.galata-js .refs:not(.all) .ref-extra{display:none}
.ref-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:16px}
.btn-line{border-color:var(--line);color:var(--brand-text);background:var(--surface)}
button.btn{font:600 .92rem var(--sans)}
.btn-copy .copy-done{display:none}
.btn-copy.done .copy-label{display:none}
.btn-copy.done .copy-done{display:inline}

/* cite */
.cite-tabs{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin-bottom:12px}
.cite-select{margin-bottom:12px;font:600 .9rem var(--sans);padding:8px 12px;border-radius:6px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink)}
.cite-panel+.cite-panel{margin-top:14px}
html.galata-js .cite-panel+.cite-panel{margin-top:0}
.cite-label{font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 6px}
.cite-box{position:relative;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-inline-start:4px solid var(--accent);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:18px 20px;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.65;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word}
.cite-box.code{font:.84rem/1.55 ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;direction:ltr;text-align:left}
.cite-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;margin-top:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}

/* licence */
.lic{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);gap:18px;align-items:center;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:20px 22px}
.lic>div:only-child{grid-column:1/-1}
.lic .cc-badge i{width:40px;height:40px;font-size:.8rem}
.lic b{display:block;font-size:1rem}
.lic b a{color:var(--ink)}
.lic p{margin:4px 0 0;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted)}
.lic-terms{margin-top:14px;font-size:.92rem;color:var(--muted)}

/* plugin output in the article column */
.a-plugin-main .item+.item{margin-top:18px}
.a-plugin-main .label{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.15rem;margin:0 0 12px}
.a-plugin-main canvas,.a-plugin-main img{max-width:100%}

/* similar articles (markup of the "recommend by similarity" plugin) */
.sim-hook>#articlesBySimilarityList:only-child>h3{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap}
.sim-hook h3{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.05rem;margin:0 0 12px}
.sim-hook h3 a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
.sim-hook ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px}
.sim-hook li{padding:16px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--surface);font-size:.84rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.45;color:var(--brand-text);transition:border-color .15s}
.sim-hook li:hover{border-color:var(--brand-text)}
.sim-hook li a{font-size:.78rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
.sim-hook li a:first-of-type{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:4;line-clamp:4;overflow:hidden;margin:6px 0;font-size:.98rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35;color:var(--ink)}
.sim-hook li a:hover{color:var(--brand-text);text-decoration:underline}
.sim-hook li.sim-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}
.sim-hook li.sim-card a:first-of-type{order:-1;margin:0}
.sim-hook li.sim-card a:last-of-type:not(:first-of-type){margin-top:auto}
.sim-hook p{margin:14px 0 0;font-size:.86rem;color:var(--muted)}
.sim-hook p:empty{display:none}

/* ---------- Right block ---------- */
.g-card{position:relative;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:18px;box-shadow:0 18px 40px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}
.g-pdf{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:4px 10px;width:100%;padding:14px;border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink);font-weight:800;font-size:1.05rem;text-decoration:none;text-align:center}
.g-pdf small{font-weight:600;font-size:.78rem}
.g-pdf:hover{filter:brightness(1.06);color:var(--accent-ink)}
.g-note{margin:8px 0 0;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--muted);text-align:center}
.g-formats{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin-top:10px}
.g-formats a{flex:1 1 auto;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:6px;text-align:center;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:700;padding:8px 10px;border-radius:5px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}
.g-formats a:hover{border-color:var(--brand-text);color:var(--brand-text)}
.g-formats .g-type{font-weight:600;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted)}
.g-sub{font:700 .78rem var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:14px 0 0}
.g-acts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(110px,1fr));gap:8px;margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative}
.g-acts.g-acts-first{margin-top:0;padding-top:0;border-top:0}
.g-acts>a,.g-acts>button{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;padding:9px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--tint);color:var(--brand-text);font:700 .86rem var(--sans);text-decoration:none;border:0;cursor:pointer}
.g-acts>a:hover,.g-acts>button:hover,.g-acts>button[aria-expanded="true"]{background:var(--brand);color:#fff}
.share-menu{list-style:none;margin:0;position:absolute;inset-inline-end:0;top:calc(100% + 6px);z-index:30;min-width:210px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 16px 34px -12px rgba(0,0,0,.35);padding:6px}
.share-menu a,.share-menu button{display:flex;width:100%;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:8px 10px;border-radius:5px;font:600 .88rem var(--sans);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;background:none;border:0;cursor:pointer;text-align:start}
.share-menu a:hover,.share-menu button:hover{background:var(--tint);color:var(--ink)}
.share-menu .sq{width:24px;height:24px;flex:none;border-radius:6px;display:grid;place-items:center;background:var(--tint);color:var(--brand-text)}
.share-menu .sq .icon{width:13px;height:13px}
html:not(.galata-js) .share-menu[hidden]{display:block!important;position:static;grid-column:1/-1;box-shadow:none;border:0;padding:0}
.stat-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px}
.stat-row div{background:var(--tint);border-radius:8px;padding:12px}
.stat-row b{display:block;font-size:1.45rem;line-height:1.1;color:var(--brand-text)}
.stat-row span{font-size:.78rem;color:var(--muted)}
.spark{display:block;width:100%;height:56px;margin-top:12px}
.spark rect{fill:var(--brand-2);opacity:.6}
.spark rect.last{fill:var(--accent);opacity:1}
.spark rect.zero{fill:var(--line);opacity:1}
:root[data-theme="dark"] .spark rect:not(.last):not(.zero){fill:var(--brand-text);opacity:.7}
@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme="light"]) .spark rect:not(.last):not(.zero){fill:var(--brand-text);opacity:.7}}
.spark-cap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:6px;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}
.info-dl{margin:0}
.info-dl div{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.88rem}
.info-dl div:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.info-dl dt{color:var(--muted);flex:none}
.info-dl dd{margin:0;font-weight:600;text-align:end;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.info-dl dd a{color:var(--ink)}
.info-dl dd a:hover{color:var(--brand-text)}
.versions{list-style:none;margin:6px 0 0;padding:0;font-size:.88rem}
.versions li{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:6px 0}
.versions [aria-current]{font-weight:700}
.versions time{color:var(--muted)}
.toc-card a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding-block:8px;padding-inline:12px 0;text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted);font-size:.92rem;font-weight:600;border-inline-start:2px solid var(--line);transition:color .15s,border-color .15s}
.toc-card a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.toc-card a.active{color:var(--brand-text);border-inline-start-color:var(--accent)}
.plug-card{font-size:.9rem;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.plug-card .item+.item{margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.plug-card .label{font:600 .8rem var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 2px}
.plug-card .value{font-weight:600}
.plug-card img,.plug-card iframe{max-width:100%}

/* ---------- Mobile action bar ---------- */
.m-actions{display:none}

/* ---------- Short screens: a compact hero keeps the abstract on the first screen ---------- */
@media (min-width:861px) and (max-height:860px){
  .ahero-inner{padding-top:16px;padding-bottom:20px}
  /* One line above the title; the journal's name is in the header just above. */
  .a-kicker{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:6px 14px;margin-top:10px;font-size:.88rem;color:var(--h-muted)}
  .a-journal,.a-metaline{display:contents}
  .a-journal>b{display:none}
  .a-title{font-size:clamp(1.5rem,2.2vw,1.95rem);margin-top:8px}
  .a-alt{font-size:.98rem;margin-top:6px}
  .au-wrap{margin-top:12px}
  .au-card{padding:10px 12px}
  .a-strip{margin-top:14px}
  .a-strip div{padding-block:9px 0}
  .secnav a{padding:11px 12px 10px}
  .a-sec:first-of-type{padding-top:16px}
  .a-sec:first-of-type .sec-head,.a-sec:first-of-type>.sec-h{margin-bottom:10px}
}

@media (max-width:1180px){
  .sim-hook ul{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
  .aff{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
}
/* Medium screens: the hero column is too narrow for three cards in a row. */
@media (max-width:1240px){
  html.galata-js .au-wrap:not(.all) :is(.au-chip,.au-card,.au-item).x-m{display:none}
  html.galata-js .aff-box:not(.all) .aff .x-m{display:none}
  .only-m{display:inline-flex}
}

@media (max-width:860px){
  .ahero-inner{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);row-gap:0;padding-top:16px;padding-bottom:18px}
  /* The issue is already named in the line above the title. */
  .ahero-inner>.hero-aside{display:none}
  .alayout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-areas:"main" "right"}

  .a-lang{gap:6px;font-size:.76rem}
  .a-lang-btn{padding:2px 8px;font-size:.76rem}
  .a-kicker{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:6px 12px;margin-top:10px;font-size:.86rem;color:var(--h-muted)}
  .a-journal,.a-metaline{display:contents}
  .a-journal>b,.a-journal>span:not(.oa-chip){display:none}
  /* The issue is named in the issue card of this page. */
  .a-metaline>.a-issue{display:none}
  .oa-chip,.h-chip{font-size:.72rem;padding:3px 9px}
  .a-metaline>span{font-size:.84rem}
  .a-title{font-size:1.4rem;line-height:1.2;margin-top:10px}
  /* Still the largest text of the page (section headings are 1.14rem here). */
  .a-title.a-title-long{font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.24}
  .a-title-long~.a-alt{-webkit-line-clamp:1;line-clamp:1}
  .a-alt{font-size:.92rem;margin-top:6px;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;line-clamp:2;overflow:hidden}
  .au-wrap{margin-top:12px}
  .au-chip{font-size:.88rem}
  .au-av{width:26px;height:26px}
  .au-line,.au-n{font-size:.96rem}
  .au-line{line-height:1.6}
  .au-card{padding:10px 12px}
  html.galata-js .au-wrap:not(.all) :is(.au-chip,.au-card,.au-item).x-n{display:none}
  html.galata-js .aff-box:not(.all) .aff .x-n{display:none}
  html.galata-js .aff-box.has-more-n:not(.all) .aff-corr{display:none}
  .only-n{display:inline-flex}
  html.galata-js[data-authors="a"] .au-panel.single{width:100%}
  .a-strip{flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;margin-top:12px;scrollbar-width:none}
  .a-strip::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}
  .a-strip div{flex:none;padding-block:9px 0;padding-inline:0 14px;margin-inline-end:14px}
  .a-strip dd{white-space:nowrap}
  .secnav a{padding:11px 10px 10px}
  /* The right block is below the article here: the top bar takes over. */
  html[data-secnav="b"] .secnav{display:flex}
  html[data-secnav="b"] .a-sec{scroll-margin-top:34px}
  .toc-card{display:none}
  .a-sec{padding:24px 0;scroll-margin-top:34px}
  .a-sec:first-of-type{padding-top:14px}
  .sec-h{font-size:1.14rem}
  .abs-text{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.7}
  .tl,.tl[data-n]{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:0}
  .tl::before{inset-inline:9px auto;top:10px;bottom:10px;width:2px;height:auto}
  .tl li{padding-top:0;padding-inline:34px 0;padding-bottom:16px;min-height:44px}
  .tl li:last-child{padding-bottom:0}
  .tl b,.tl time{display:inline}
  .tl time::before{content:" · "}
  .tl em{position:static;display:block;background:none;padding:2px 0 0}
  .sim-hook ul{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  .lic{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  .g-card{box-shadow:none}

  html[data-mbar="on"] .m-actions{display:flex;position:fixed;inset-inline:0;bottom:0;z-index:85;gap:8px;padding:10px 12px calc(10px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom,0px));background:var(--surface);border-top:1px solid var(--line);box-shadow:0 -10px 24px -14px rgba(0,0,0,.35)}
  .m-actions>a,.m-actions>button{flex:1;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:6px;min-height:44px;padding:10px;border:0;border-radius:6px;font:700 .9rem var(--sans);text-decoration:none;background:var(--tint);color:var(--brand-text);cursor:pointer}
  .m-actions>a.pdf{background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink);min-width:0}
  .m-actions>a.pdf>span{min-width:0;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}
  .m-actions .share-menu{inset-inline:auto 12px;top:auto;bottom:calc(100% + 6px)}
  /* Room for the bar: the footer's last line and the back-to-top button stay clear of it. */
  html[data-mbar="on"] body{padding-bottom:calc(66px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom,0px))}
  html[data-mbar="on"] .to-top{margin-bottom:calc(66px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom,0px))}
  html[data-mbar="on"]{scroll-padding-bottom:84px}
}

@media (min-width:861px) and (max-width:1180px){
  .tl em{display:none}
}

/* ---------- Print ---------- */
@media print{
  .secnav,.m-actions,.ref-actions,.cite-actions,.cite-tabs,.cite-select,.au-toggle,.share-btn,.share-menu,.a-lang{display:none!important}
  html.galata-js [data-jshide]{display:block}
  html.galata-js .refs .ref-extra,html.galata-js .au-wrap .x-w,html.galata-js .au-wrap .x-n{display:revert}
  html.galata-js[data-authors="a"] .au-panel,html.galata-js[data-authors="d"] .aff-box{position:static;display:grid!important;box-shadow:none}
  .alayout{display:block}
}

/* ---------- Forced colours ---------- */
@media (forced-colors:active){
  .au-chip,.pill,.g-pdf,.g-formats a,.g-acts>a,.g-acts>button,.m-actions>a,.m-actions>button,.a-lang-seg{border:1px solid ButtonText}
  .pill[aria-selected="true"],.secnav a.active,.toc-card a.active,.a-lang-btn[aria-pressed="true"]{outline:2px solid Highlight;outline-offset:-2px}
  .spark rect{fill:CanvasText}
  .spark rect.last{fill:Highlight}
  .aff li.hl b,.tl li::before{forced-color-adjust:none}
}